Glossary

Title	Description
Data Owner	Core Participant having complete control over the data it makes available in the International Data Spaces; defines the terms and conditions of use of its data.
Data Sovereignty	Data Sovereignty can be defined as a natural person’s or corporate entity’s capability of being entirely self-determined with regard to its data.
Data Space	A Data Space is a virtual data integration concept defined as a set of participants and a set of relationships among them, where participants provide their data resources and computing services. Data Spaces have following design principles: a) data resides in its sources; b) only semantic integration of data and no common data schema; c) nesting and overlaps are possible; d) spontaneous networking of data, data visiting and coexistence of data are enabled. Within one Data Ecosystem, several Data Spaces can emerge.
Digital Twin (DT)	The DT is a virtual representation of assets and has the following characteristics: - The DT has at least one Catena-X-wide unique ID. - Digital Twins are organised according to a number of aspects. The set can be extended for life. - An aspect of a DT includes both structural and behavioural data and models (including operational and simulation models). - The semantics of an aspect can be described by semantic models. - A single aspect can be linked to different heterogeneous data sources (including behavioural models). - The DT can represent asset types (e.g. virtual prototype of a car) and asset instances (e.g. real car). - A DT can cover the entire life cycle of an asset (e.g. planning phase, production, sale, utilisation and decommissioning phase). In practice, however, there may be more than one twin with different IDs representing different life cycle phases (e.g. one twin for types and several twins for instances). - An asset can have more than one DT. - The DT represents currently available information about an asset (synchronised with a certain frequency and accuracy) that can be used for simulation and business process integration. By using aspects, the DT can refer to other DTs to express "part of" or "consists of" relationships.
Direct emissions	Greenhouse gas emissions from the processes owned or controlled by the reporting company.
Downstream emissions	Indirect greenhouse gas emissions that occur in the value chain downstream of the processes that the reporting company itself operates or controls.
Title	Description